Sovereignty as Important Aspect to a Nation States Government Research Paper

Sovereignty as Important Aspect to a Nation States Government - Research Paper Example Some states such as the United States of America are more sovereign than others. According to Borensztein (2004:17), the U.S. has been at the forefront in declaring the significance of arsenal nuclear accumulation. The publicizing of nuclear proliferation by corporate media that is revolving around Iraq and the half of North Korea is a concern to the U.S. According to the U.S officials, this move by such countries that seem suspicious calls international intersection. Therefore, since the U.S is more sovereign than Korea, it deployed about thirty-seven thousand troops and stationed them in Korea. In addition, it deployed a massive number of military forces all over Iraq. When the U.S government orders other countries to cease nuclear proliferation, those countries must lower down their defenses and disarm with immediate effect. However, Iraq did not respond to this call by the U.S forcing the U.S to attack the country. After the war kicked off, Iraq could abide with the United Nation s Security Council Resolutions and call off the war, but insisted on keeping its nukes despite the understanding that only the U.S portrays its nuclear as a necessity to its national security. The legitimate purpose of establishing the United Nations was to ensure peaceful negotiations between quarrelling nations and come to a mutual understanding without necessarily resulting in war. However, the case of the USA and Iraq was different since Iraq did not want to resolute to the UN council. It considered the application of ‘Atoms for Peace’ program factoring itself out as sovereign with sovereignty guaranteed in the UN Charter that declares that a sovereign nation has a right to defend itself in case of an external attack. The application of power to control and curb possible risks by the United States depicts its sovereignty (Wilkins & Stark, 2010:41). Therefore, following this example, it is true to say that some nations are more sovereign compared to others. Some stat es are more sovereign than others are because politicians and globalists strive to acquire power by use of substantial resolutions.

The New Deal, specifically the works progress administration Thesis

The New Deal, specifically the works progress administration - Thesis Example Prior to America’s entrance into this particular battle, the economy in the country was once again faltering, unemployment was, and basic infrastructure needs at an all time high1. Roosevelt’s New Deal was certainly making a solid impact in this area, as many people were involved in programs facilitated by the Works Progress Administration, yet the reality was that much more was needed. With social welfare programs being taxed to the max, entrance into the Second World War actually ended up making the Works Progress Administration obsolete, as wartime jobs were created, and numerous families found themselves entering into a time of renewed prosperity. The United States entrance into World War II was a far more effective economic stimulus than the social welfare programs introduced under The New Deal, and was specifically more helpful to the economy in the long term than was the the Works Progress Administration. In a nutshell, the Works Progress Administration was created as a way out of the Great Depression. With millions wallowing in despair, government coffers nearly empty, and businesses shuttering their doors all around the country, President Roosevelt and his closest advisors were charged with the task of rectifying a dire situation before it spiraled even further out of control. Since businesses could no long employ the masses, the thought was that the government could provided much needed temporary assistance to working people in the formed of training for skilled labor positions and then having them build up an infrastructure in the country that was sorely in need of repair2. It was seen as win-win situation for the country and for society. This section will highlight some of the benefits that were achieved during the Works Progress Administration, leading into the inherent problems that seem to always invade upon large social welfare programs in nearly any society. Signed into law via and executive order in 1935, the Works Progress

Oscar Wilde Earnest

Oscar Wilde Earnest Trivial Comedy for Serious People: Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest â€Å"Since we know The Importance of Being Earnest is a trivial play for serious people, our task as serious people is not to be content to say its funny, but to be careful when describing the fun† (Sale 479). First staged in February 1895 at the St. James Theatre, people packed the theater to see Oscar Wildes new play, The Importance of Being Earnest. The play â€Å"was an immediate hit† (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2221). It was a promising time as Wildes plays had been the talk of the town for the past several years. Generally, Wildes plays were â€Å"serious even when trying to evoke comedy; his previous plays ranged from social satire and criticism (Lady Windermeres Fan), to themes that defied propriety and incited some moral indignation (Salome)† (Barnet xxix). In reply to criticism [surrounding Lady Windermeres Fan,] printed in the St. James Gazette of February 26, 1892, Wilde wrote a letter to the editor published on February 27th, under the heading â€Å"Mr. Oscar Wilde Explains†(Mason 390). In this letter, Wilde claimed â€Å"that he did not want the play to be viewed as ‘a mere question of pantomime and clowning, but that ‘he was interested in the piece as a psychological study† (Mason 390). His â€Å"tendency was to make his people ‘real, and then to take his audience through the looking-glass into a world which seemed to reflect modern life† (Raby 159). This new play, The Importance of Being Earnest, therefore, revealed a novel side of Wilde not exposed before. One of his contemporary critics, H. G. Wells, said â€Å"that it was much harder to listen to nonsense then to talk it, but not if it is good nonsense†¦.and this is very good nonsense† (Beckson 187). Hamilton Fyfe, on the other hand, found it â€Å"slight in structure, devoid in purpose† nevertheless â€Å"extraordinarily funny† (Beckson 187). â€Å"One critic failed to find it delightful; curiously this was Wildes fellow playwright from Ireland, Bernard Shaw†(Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2221). Although he claimed he did find it amusing, â€Å"George Bernard Shaw said that it leaves me with a sense of having wasted my evening† (Beckson 221). He even poked fun at those who praised the sheer nonsense of Wilde, remarking that â€Å"if the public ever becomes intelligent enough to know when it is really enjoying itself and when it is not, there will be an end of farcical comedy† (Beckson 221-222). Since George Bernard Shaw had a reputation for being a harsh critic, this criticism was characteristic of him. After reading the play, one might even agree with Shaws review. However, the play does have an understandable plot (â€Å"a gross anachronism,† according to Shaw (Beckson 221). The main character, Jack Worthing, is courting the affections of Gwendolen Fairfax, but is impeded by her mother, Lady Bracknell, who opposes the match (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2229-2231). This part of the plot is serious enough. Wilde then adds a comical aspect: Jack has been introducing himself as Ernest while in town, and when back at his country estate he refers to a â€Å"younger brother† named Ernest (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2223). While Wilde tries to inject a sense of seriousness into the comedy, he allows his plot twists to develop into the ridiculous. For example, the case of Miss Prisms losing an infant is nonchalantly explained as an absent minded switch between a book and a baby; the baby being placed in a handbag and the book in the perambulator (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2261). There is also Algernons behavior and his imaginary friend called â€Å"Bunbury†¦which he invented as an invaluable permanent invalid in order that he might be able to go down into the country whenever he chooses† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2226), eventually Bunbury simply explodes. As ridiculous as Wilde made his plots, is the way he resolved them: Algernons way of killing off Bunbury was to calmly say that he â€Å"was quite exploded† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2256). When pressed for a better answer, Algernon simply explains that the doctor found that Bunbury was going to die and he expired right then and there. Gwendolens (and for that matter Cecilys) outrage after discovering the truth about Ernest is won back by the ridiculous attempt by Jack to christen himself Ernest. And the hard to believe predicament of Miss Prism and the lost baby eventually resolved Jacks impediment with Gwendolen. Very often when offered questionable storylines, one can expect relief from the moral of the story or the play, which the author might try to instill. The search, in this case, would be in vain. Algernon never gets his due over his continued deceit in Bunburying, and Jack Worthing is redeemed by the discovery of his being â€Å"Ernest all along. Jacks confession that â€Å"it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth†(Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2263) is simply accepted and forgiven. None of the characters get chastised for their bad behavior or prejudice. So, one is left to think that Wilde, in not condemning these actions, absolutely agrees with them. Therefore it might be considered that the plot is only a prop for Wildes more implicit messages, hidden within his side notes, his characters, and their situations. The message may not be understood by looking at the play as a whole; but in its parts. The gems hidden within the play are the commentaries of Wilde on topics such as medicine, relationships and social norms, with â€Å"considerable insight on the human condition, in particular issues of class, gender, sexuality, and identity† (P.P.F 288:538). He places these commentaries either as asides in the dialogue or in the intricacy by which a scene is played out. For example, Algernons skepticism regarding Jacks proposal to Gwendolen echoes the social dilemma, â€Å"girls never marry the men they flirt with†¦girls dont think it right†¦it accounts for the extraordinary number of bachelors that one sees all over the place† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2224). As for the dialogue of the two young ladies toward s each other (they will call each other a lot of things before they become friends); Wilde portrays the younger gal as naively idealistic, while portraying the other as an impractical romantic. They are represented as fickle, although Gwendolens attitude towards Cecily ranges from quite friendly to jealous rivalry and then to faithful friend (all in one scene). At the same time, Lady Bracknells impression of Cecily goes from the unthinkable to the idea that â€Å"[Cecily] has distinct social possibilities,† and as such would make a suitable member of London High Society (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2258). While most of Wildes contemporaries were thrilled at the â€Å"nonsense† of the play, Shaw had expected a serious comedy by the playwright. Instead he saw it as having no structure and a real disappointment. The play does begin to make sense though, when we look away from the perspective of the critic and into the authors mind. If we accept that the plot is a prop, which Wilde used to throw abuse and amusement at his audience, we can then conclude that the play was meant as one big commentary on sensibilities, on society, and on theater. Furthermore, if we look at Wildes own problems at the time of the plays fame, we might understand Wilde. In the scene where Lady Bracknell is interviewing Jack, and then reacting to Jacks helpless admission that he has lost his parents, Lady Bracknell states that â€Å"losing both parents seem an act of carelessness† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2232), and adds that to rectify the situation he should â€Å"make a definite effort to produce at any rate one parent, of either sex, before the season is quite over† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2233). As absurd as this may seem, it does have a purpose: Lady Bracknell represents Victorian High Society. Because of this, she is ready to condemn based on ones birth or unfortunate circumstance; yet she makes a complete turnaround in her disapproval of Cecily once she realizes that the girl has good ancestry (namely, her father is rich) (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2257). The absurdity of Jack posing as Ernest mirrors the life of the playwright himself. Oscar Wilde, at this time, had begun to scandalize London with his lifestyle and had been largely condemned as a homosexual. Jack Worthing explains that the pressures of leading a â€Å"high moral life† in the country does not provide him with the happiness he needs; rather, that happiness is found in Ernest whose reputation is entirely opposite of Jacks (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2226). In the same way, perhaps Wilde feels somehow trapped in the need to conform to Londons High Society standards. The lack of a decent plot is an attack of the sensibilities of the audience to a serious play. Oscar Wilde once explained â€Å"that the play has an underlying philosophy: ‘that we should treat all the trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2222). The whole point was not the progression of the story, but the progression of the absurdity: starting with the truth of â€Å"Ernest†, then the nonsense of â€Å"Bunburying†, until the play escalates to the ridiculous in Miss Prism. His characters crude commentaries, which seemed to offend, were meant to offend; if anything, none of it needed to be taken seriously. The play is an exercise of triviality. George Bernard Shaw couldnt see past the nonsense of Wilde. The Importance of Being Earnest was actually quite an accomplishment. Wilde worked hard writing and rewriting the script until he felt he had the perfect combination of wit and humor shrouded in seriousness. It was absolute nonsense, yet it was a masterpiece of nonsense. There is a lesson to be learned here. Something serious need not be treated to death as serious; it can be allowed some form of triviality. These few lines say it best: Jack: â€Å"I am sick to death of cleverness†¦ The thing has become an absolute public nuisance. I wish to goodness we had a few fools left.† Algernon: â€Å"We have.† Jack: â€Å"I should extremely like to meet them. What do they talk about?† Algernon: â€Å"The fools? Oh! About the clever people, of course!† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2234). Works Cited Barnet, Sylvan. Introduction. The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays By Oscar Wilde. New York: Penguin Books, 1985. Beckson, Karl, Ed. Oscar Wilde: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Greenblatt, Stephen, and M.H. Abrams, Eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. New York, USA: W.W. Norton Company, Inc, 2006. Mason, Stuart. Bibliography of Oscar Wilde. Edinburgh: Riverside Press Limited, 1908. Reprinted, New York: Haskell House Pub, 2007. P.P.F. The Importance of Being Earnest.Contemporary Review. 288.1683 (Winter 2006): 538-539. Retrieved April 3, 2008. www.liberty.edu. Academic Search Premier. http:/​/​search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/​login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=23913109site=ehost-live Raby, Peter, Ed. The Cambridge Companion to Oscar Wilde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Sale, Roger. Being Earnest. Hudson Review 56:3 (Autumn 2003): 475-484. Retrieved April 3, 2008. www.liberty.edu. Academic Search Premier. http:/​/​search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.libety.edu:2048/​login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=11262215site=ehost-live

Emotion and Memory of the Holocaust Essays -- Historical Knowledge of

In the aftermath of the Jewish Holocaust, an outpouring of eyewitness accounts by both survivors and perpetrators has surfaced as historical evidence. For many, this has determined what modern popular culture remembers about this atrocious event. Emotion obviously plays a vital role in the accounts of the survivors, yet can it be considered when discussing the historical significance of the murder of six million European Jews by the Third Reich? Emotion is the expression of thoughts and beliefs affected by feeling and sensibility of an individual regarding a certain event or individual. In terms of the Holocaust, emotion is overwhelmingly prevalent in the survivors’ tales of their experiences, conveyed in terms of life, death, and survival. As scholars often point out, the Holocaust evokes strong sentiments, and transmits and reinforces basic societal values. Through in-depth observation of various forms of media sources, this paper will argue that emotion and the lack thereof, as a repercussion of the Holocaust, through the testimonies of those who survived its trials and tribulations, has played an enormous role in determining historical knowledge of the genocide. In analyzing the stories which survivors of the concentration camps and their perpetrators have put forth as historical evidence supporting the findings of scholars, one must pose the question: where does fact end and emotional distortion of the subject begin? It is critical to approach this question with great care, so as to note that not all historical accounts of the Holocaust by survivors and perpetrators are laden with emotional input and a multilayered interpretation of the event. In her acclaimed article â€Å"Memory, Distortion, and History in the... ...e Museum.†. History and Theory, Volume 36, Number 4, Theme Issue 36. December 1997 8. Greenspan, Henry. On Listening to Holocaust Survivors. Westport, Ct. Praeger Publishers. 1998. 9. Kramer, Stanley. Judgement at Nuremberg. 1961. 10. Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz. New York, N.Y. Touchstone. 1996. 11. Lewy, Guenter. The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies. Oxford, England. Oxford University Press. 2000. 12. Spielberg, Steven. Survivors of the Holocaust. 1996. 13. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. http://www.ushmm.org/learn 14. Wiesel, Elie. Night. United States of America. Bantam Publishing Group. 1958. 15. Wyszogrod, Morris. A Brush with Death. Albany, N.Y. State University of New York Press. 1999. 16. Young, James. â€Å"Toward a Received History of the Holocaust.† History and Theory, Volume 36, Number 4, Theme Issue 36. December 1997.

2.0- Qantas Auditing, Planning and New Strategy

16 April 2012 MLC Community Foundation 2012 Grant application form Note: Please complete this questionnaire with specific, short answers. Please submit this form as a word document and attach to your email submission. Please ensure that you keep to the numbering and order as below. About the organization 1. Your organisation’s name and ABN: 2. A contact name, phone number and email address: 3. Your current corporate partners (if a financial institution, please advise the nature of the relationship, including NAB): 4. The States or locations in which you currently operate/deliver services: . Briefly describe the primary services that your organisation provides to the community: 6. Indicate approximate employee numbers and volunteer numbers your organisation has: 7. Please confirm that you have read and understand the section on ‘Planning your application’ shown on the invitation document and your organisation fits this criteria: About your Program 1. Please provide a summary of the specific program/s or activities for which this submission is requesting funds? (100 – 150 words). Please name the service/program. 2. Is this a current program or a proposed/new program?Please provide an indication of the program reach ie number of community members that will benefit each year and how they will benefit from a grant. 3. Describe how your program impacts the community in relation to the mental health of Australians and what tangible outcomes will the program deliver? 4. How will you measure and evaluate the outcomes and impacts? 5. How much funding are you requesting? (up to a maximum of $50,000 per organisation). Please itemise the requested amount by key items or areas of cost ie how will the grant be spent? 6.Please identify if and how additional funding is needed and sourced for 2012/13 and for the longer term sustainability of the program? 7. Please detail the MLC staff engagement and volunteering opportunities that you can offer? What s ort of things could we do for you? (Include skilled and general opportunities). Please consider how we can engage employees in your organisation’s cause and how we can support you in achieving the planned outcomes. 8. Are there any questions you have for us? Anything else / supplementary (not mandatory) You are welcome to submit any additional items you feel may be relevant.This may include: †¢ Video, DVD or printed material of proposed program if available †¢ Media stories that you have generated which are relevant to your program †¢ Any research to validate the rationale for your program (if it is new/proposed) †¢ Your organisational profile or credentials document, PowerPoint or DVD †¢ Your annual report and accounts Questions Please email [email  protected] com. au if you have any questions and we will answer them as soon as we can. Thank you Thank you for taking the time to respond to our questions. We look forward to reviewing your submission.

Pollution Summary Essay

What is Air Pollution? The air we breathe supplies the oxygen that sustains life. Humans need oxygen to survive, and plants and animals need oxygen to survive. Our air supply has become contaminated by human activity. We have created machinery that has produced smog and acid rain. We have created a green house effect and have made holes in our ozone layer. Each of these acts can cause serious health problems for humans and animals, and can cause grave harm to our vegetation and ecosystems. There are seven main types of air pollutants. Raven (2008) describes them as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons, ozone, air toxics, and carbon oxides. Particulate matter can come from dust, soil, soot, and asbestos Nitrogen oxides come from gasses that are produced by chemical interactions between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen. Sulfur oxides come from chemical interactions between sulfur and oxygen. Hydrocarbons come from chemical interactions between hydrogen and carbon. Ozone comes in two forms; (1) oxygen’s reaction with UV radiation in the stratosphere and, (2) oxygen reaction in the troposphere what creates smog. Air toxics can be radioactive substances, fluorides, and hydrochloric acid, and carbon oxides are carbon monoxide and dioxide. Causes of Air Pollution Chemicals, human sources, and natural sources contribute to air pollution. Air pollution can be traced all the way back to Ancient Roman times. â€Å"Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. † (Caroline, David, Michael, Mindy, Neil, and Vikas, 1999, The Environment: A Global Challenge. Air Pollution). Air pollution occurs in the atmosphere and can move easily from one location to another, it is a global concern. Air pollution is a problem both outdoors and inside homes. Chemicals There are seven main types of air pollutants according to a regulatory perspective. These are: particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, ozone, and air toxics. Particulate matter is made of thousands of solid and liquid particles hanging in the atmosphere. Solid particulate matter is commonly known as dust; whereas as liquid articulate matter is known as mist. Particulate matter includes the following pollutants: soot, lead, asbestos, soil particles, sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets. Nitrogen oxides are gases produced as a result of interaction between nitrogen and oxygen involves a supply of energy such as combustion of fuels resulting in high temperatures. Sulfur oxides are gases. These gases are a result of a chemical interaction between sulfur and oxygen. When combined with water, the result is sulfuric acid. Carbon oxides consist of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide has no color, smell, or taste and is second as an air pollutant only to carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is also does not have color, smell, or taste and is a greenhouse gas. Hydrocarbons consist are a varied collection of organic compounds including hydrogen and carbon. Small hydrogen molecules are gaseous at room temperature. Hydrocarbons include methane (colorless and odorless gas principally included in natural gas), benzene (which is a liquid at room temperature), and paraffin (which is a solid at room temperature). Ozone is a form of oxygen that is a pollutant in one area of the atmosphere but essential in another area of the atmosphere. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) consist of hundreds of other air pollutants such as chlorine, lead, hydrochloric acid, formaldehyde, radioactive substances, and fluorides. Humans Many chemicals that cause air pollution exist naturally in our world. These chemicals are harmful in both their natural form; however, become even more harmful when burned by humans for fuel, heat, or electricity. The two main causes of air pollutants in urban areas are transportation and fuel combustion from stationary sources. The stationary sources are heating and cooling for buildings and coal-burning power plants. Vehicles such as cars, trains, heavy-duty trucks, and airplanes, produce high amounts of carbon dioxide while fuel combustion produces high amounts of sulfur dioxide. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) â€Å"are man-made compounds that were originally developed in 1930 as a safer alternative to the refrigerants then in use such as sulfur dioxide and ammonia.